![]() ![]() In Italian Renaissance drawings, of which there are a great many, the diverging stylistic features of the various artistic regions were particularly evident. Both of these artists were also major copperplate engravers, so that it is not always easy to determine whether the work is a preliminary sketch or an independent drawing. Many painters produced individual drawings, but the most notable draftspeople are the otherwise unidentified 15th-century German Master of the Housebook and his contemporary Martin Schongauer. In drawing produced north of the Alps, the characteristic features lie in the tendency to pictorial compactness and precise execution of detail. Essential criteria, destined to remain characteristic for generations, begin to strike the eye. In the early 15th century the international Soft Style of the period still largely predominated over the draftsperson’s individual “handwriting.” At mid-century, however, the differentiation of drawing style according to region and the artist’s personality set in. But with nature studies, copies of antiques, and drafts in the various sketchbooks (those of Giovannino de’Grassi, Antonio Pisanello, and Jacopo Bellini, for example), the tradition of the Bauhütten studio workshop changed to individual work: the place of “exempla,” models, reproduced in formalized fashion was now being taken by subjectively probing and partially creative drawings. Drawing differs, however, in that it interprets and renders these characteristics in terms of its own unique mediums.ĭrawing became an independent art form in northern Italy, at first quite within the framework of ordinary studio activity. Indeed, drawing shares with other art forms the characteristics of individual style, period style, and regional features. Moreover, the same stylistic phenomena have been expressed in drawing as in other art forms. Just as the greatest draftspeople have been for the most part also distinguished painters, illustrators, sculptors, or architects, so the centres and the high points of drawing have generally coincided with the leading localities and the major epochs of the other arts. If its development was independent, however, it was not insular. In the West, the history of drawing as an independent artistic document began toward the end of the 14th century. Only in a very limited sense can one speak of centres of drawing in the early and High Middle Ages that is, the scriptoria of the monasteries of Corbie and Reims in France, as well as those of Canterbury and Winchester in England, and also a few places in southern Germany, where various strongly delineatory (graphically illustrated) styles of book illumination were cultivated. Whether preliminary sketches for mosaics and murals or architectural drawings and designs for statues and reliefs within the variegated artistic production of the Gothic medieval building and artistic workshop, drawing as a nonautonomous auxiliary skill was subordinate to the other arts. In an instrumental, subordinate role, it developed along with the other arts in antiquity and the Middle Ages. SpaceNext50 Britannica presents SpaceNext50, From the race to the Moon to space stewardship, we explore a wide range of subjects that feed our curiosity about space!Īs an artistic endeavour, drawing is almost as old as humankind.Learn about the major environmental problems facing our planet and what can be done about them! Saving Earth Britannica Presents Earth’s To-Do List for the 21st Century.Britannica Beyond We’ve created a new place where questions are at the center of learning.100 Women Britannica celebrates the centennial of the Nineteenth Amendment, highlighting suffragists and history-making politicians. #Wild drawing instruments how toCOVID-19 Portal While this global health crisis continues to evolve, it can be useful to look to past pandemics to better understand how to respond today.Student Portal Britannica is the ultimate student resource for key school subjects like history, government, literature, and more.This Time in History In these videos, find out what happened this month (or any month!) in history.#WTFact Videos In #WTFact Britannica shares some of the most bizarre facts we can find.Demystified Videos In Demystified, Britannica has all the answers to your burning questions.Britannica Explains In these videos, Britannica explains a variety of topics and answers frequently asked questions.Britannica Classics Check out these retro videos from Encyclopedia Britannica’s archives. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |